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聽(tīng)眾夢(mèng)日想知道 “result、outcome” 和 “consequence” 之間的區(qū)別。它們都有 “結(jié)果” 的意思,但正式程度不同,所指的 “結(jié)果” 也試情況而定,有所區(qū)別。它們當(dāng)中哪個(gè)詞最正式?哪個(gè)詞通常指 “(不好的)后果”?聽(tīng)節(jié)目,學(xué)習(xí)這三個(gè)近義詞之間的區(qū)別。
歡迎你加入并和我們一起討論英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的方方面面。請(qǐng)通過(guò)微博 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)” 或郵件與我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系。我們的郵箱地址是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
文字稿
(關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注: 請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過(guò)程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。)
Jiaying
大家好,歡迎收聽(tīng) BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的 “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目,我是佳瑩。
Sam
And I'm Sam. Welcome!
Jiaying
本期節(jié)目的問(wèn)題來(lái)自聽(tīng)眾夢(mèng)日,我們來(lái)聽(tīng)一下她的問(wèn)題。
Question
I've listened to your programme for a month. It helps me a lot. Could you tell me the difference between 'consequence', 'outcome', and 'result'?
Jiaying
聽(tīng)眾夢(mèng)日想知道這三個(gè)詞之間的區(qū)別,它們都可以作名詞使用,翻譯成 “結(jié)果”。
Sam
Generally speaking, these three nouns all talk about something that happens after another event, but there are differences in formality and connotation.
Jiaying
一般來(lái)說(shuō),這三個(gè)詞都用來(lái)談?wù)?“某件事情發(fā)生后出現(xiàn)的情況”,但它們之間的主要區(qū)別在于其正式程度和隱含的意思不同。
Sam
Yes. 'Result', for example, is the most neutral of the three words. It's not formal or informal, positive or negative.
Jiaying
是的,名詞 “result” 的基本含義是 “結(jié)果”,在問(wèn)題中的三個(gè)詞當(dāng)中,它的正式程度居中,也是最中性的一個(gè)。
Sam
'Result' is a countable noun, so you will see it in the singular and the plural forms. It is also sometimes followed by the preposition 'of'.
Jiaying
“Result” 是可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)是 “results”,后面可以接介詞 “of”:“the results of something”,用來(lái)具體說(shuō)明前面所描述的情況是哪件事情的結(jié)果。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
Her promotion was the result of hard work and dedication.
(她得到晉升是努力工作和奉獻(xiàn)精神的結(jié)果。)
To get the best results, use fresh eggs and make sure they're at room temperature.
(為了達(dá)到最好的效果,請(qǐng)用室溫下儲(chǔ)存的新鮮雞蛋。)
Jiaying
上面我們講到,名詞 “result” 一般來(lái)說(shuō)是比較中性的,但它有時(shí)還可以表示 “(好的或令人滿(mǎn)意的)成果,成效”。在表達(dá)這個(gè)含義的時(shí)候,常用復(fù)數(shù) “results”。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
We've spent a lot of time on our garden, and we're finally starting to see the results.
(我們?cè)诨▓@里下了很大的工夫,終于開(kāi)始看到成效了。)
They've brought in a new coach for next season. They think he will get results.
(他們?yōu)橄聜€(gè)賽季請(qǐng)來(lái)了一位新教練。他們認(rèn)為這位教練將會(huì)帶來(lái)好的賽果。)
Sam
Now, we can also use 'result' in more specific situations, like when we're talking about the score of a sports match, for example.
Jiaying
除了指 “體育比賽的結(jié)果、比分” 以外,名詞 “result” 還指 “考試或測(cè)試的分?jǐn)?shù)” 以及 “化驗(yàn)結(jié)果;實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果”。
Sam
Let's listen to one example for each of those situations we mentioned now.
Examples
What are the football results? I couldn't watch the game.
(足球賽的結(jié)果如何?我沒(méi)看成比賽。)
Our teacher said she'd give us our test results next week.
(我們老師說(shuō)她下周公布考試成績(jī)。)
We need to wait for the results of your blood tests before we can make a diagnosis.
(我們需要等驗(yàn)血結(jié)果出來(lái)才能作出診斷。)
Jiaying
好了,接著看名詞 “outcome”?!癘utcome” 同樣有 “結(jié)果” 的意思,具體表示 “(一個(gè)行為或情況造成的)后果或影響”。
“Outcome” 與 “result” 的含義非常相似,主要區(qū)別在于:“outcome” 更正式,所以使用頻率相對(duì)較低。
Sam
Exactly. And another thing to notice is that, even though 'outcome' is a countable noun, it's almost always used in the singular form.
Jiaying
沒(méi)錯(cuò),雖然名詞 “outcome” 是可數(shù)的,但它幾乎總是用作單數(shù)形式。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
We don't yet know what the outcome of the meeting will be.
(我們還不知道會(huì)議的結(jié)果如何。)
Selling the company and dividing the assets among the three founders, was the best outcome for everybody.
(出售公司,資產(chǎn)分給三位創(chuàng)始人,這對(duì)大家來(lái)說(shuō)是最好的結(jié)果。)
Jiaying
最后,我們來(lái)講一講名詞 “consequence”,它是可數(shù)名詞,意思是 “(特定行為或情況的)后果”,這個(gè) “后果” 通常很?chē)?yán)重和糟糕?!癈onsequence” 的正式程度居中。
Sam
Yes, we often use this countable noun when talking about something serious. In fact, 'serious' is an adjective you'll often see used to describe 'consequence'. Here are your examples.
Examples
Smoking can have serious consequences for your health.
(吸煙會(huì)對(duì)你的健康造成嚴(yán)重后果。)
As a consequence of the bad weather, many flights were cancelled.
(由于惡劣天氣,許多航班被取消了。)
Jiaying
希望大家在聽(tīng)了我們的講解后,對(duì)名詞 “result、outcome” 和 “consequence” 之間的區(qū)別有了一定的理解。
Sam
It was another great question – thanks for sending it in! Don't forget that anyone listening can send in their questions, too!
Jiaying
如果你在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中遇到了難題,歡迎通過(guò)微博向我們提問(wèn)。我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)”。你也可以發(fā)郵件給我們,郵箱地址是:questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk 謝謝收聽(tīng) “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目。我是佳瑩。我們下次再會(huì)!
Sam
Until next time, bye-bye.
Jiaying
Bye!