內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介

聽(tīng)眾 “刺猬” 想知道 “because of、due to、owing to” 和 “for” 有何不同。這些連接詞都能引出事情發(fā)生的原因。它們當(dāng)中有些較為正式，有些則常用于口語(yǔ)交流中。在它們中，哪個(gè)詞后面必須接從句？哪個(gè)詞后面要接名詞或代詞？哪個(gè)詞作連接詞的用法已經(jīng)不常見(jiàn)？聽(tīng)節(jié)目，學(xué)習(xí)這四個(gè)連接詞的用法和區(qū)別。

歡迎你加入并和我們一起討論英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的方方面面。請(qǐng)通過(guò)微博 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)” 或郵件與我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系。我們的郵箱地址是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

文字稿

（關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注: 請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過(guò)程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。）

Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.

Jiaying
And I'm Jiaying. 本期 “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目要回答的問(wèn)題來(lái)自聽(tīng)眾 “刺猬”。問(wèn)題如下：

Question
你好，請(qǐng)問(wèn) “because of、owing to、due to” 和 “for” 的區(qū)別是什么？謝謝！

Jiaying
謝謝 “刺猬” 發(fā)來(lái)的問(wèn)題。問(wèn)題中的這些詞翻譯成漢語(yǔ)都是 “因?yàn)椤保宜鼈兌际沁B接詞。

Beth
To explain the difference, we're first going to hear a dialogue.

Jiaying
在聽(tīng)對(duì)話(huà)的過(guò)程中，想想兩人在談?wù)撌裁磫?wèn)題。

Dialogue
A: Everyone is late to work today because of the icy roads.
今天大家都因地面結(jié)冰上班遲到了。

B: Yes, a lot of trains were cancelled due to the weather.
是呀，由于天氣原因，多班火車(chē)被取消了。

A: The train company sent a notification: 'Owing to the icy weather, journeys may take longer today.'
火車(chē)公司發(fā)來(lái)了一條通知，上面說(shuō)：“今日因天冷結(jié)冰，車(chē)程可能會(huì)更長(zhǎng)?！?

Jiaying
對(duì)話(huà)中的兩人談?wù)摰膯?wèn)題是 “icy roads（地面結(jié)冰）” 導(dǎo)致的一系列后果。我們接下來(lái)在講解不同連接詞的過(guò)程中，會(huì)重新播放對(duì)話(huà)中的相應(yīng)例句。

Beth
Now we're going to look at the meaning and use of each word to explain the differences. 'Because of' is used in spoken and written English and can be used in formal and informal situations.

Jiaying
“Because of（因?yàn)椋?在口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面語(yǔ)，以及正式和非正式場(chǎng)合中都能使用。它可以用于句中或句首。

Dialogue
A: Everyone is late to work today because of the icy roads.
今天大家都因地面結(jié)冰上班遲到了。

Beth
If we move 'because of' to the beginning, the sentence sounds slightly more formal and is more common in writing.

Examples
Everyone is late to work today because of the icy roads.
今天大家都因地面結(jié)冰上班遲到了。

Because of the icy roads, everyone was late to work today.
因?yàn)榈孛娼Y(jié)冰，今天大家上班都遲到了。

Beth
'Because of' can be followed by a noun or a pronoun. And if a verb follows these, it must be in the -ing form.

Jiaying
是的，“because of” 后接名詞或代詞。名詞或代詞的后面可以接動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。在對(duì)話(huà)中，“because of” 后接 “icy roads”。

Beth
Now, let's compare this with 'due to'. 'Due to' is a little more formal than 'because of'.

Jiaying
“Due to” 的意思是 “由于”，它在日常英語(yǔ)交流中并不常見(jiàn)，但你可以在正式場(chǎng)合和寫(xiě)作中，特別是學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)中使用 “due to”。

Beth
But, it does have the same grammar as 'because of'. So, 'due to' can be followed by a noun or a pronoun and then an -ing verb.

Jiaying
“Due to” 后面可以接名詞或代詞，再接動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。

Example
Trains were cancelled due to it snowing heavily.
火車(chē)因大雪被取消了。

Jiaying
“Due to” 可以放在句首或句中，但它在句子中的位置并不改變句子的正式程度。

Examples
A lot of trains were cancelled due to the weather.
由于天氣原因，多班火車(chē)被取消了。

Due to the weather, trains were cancelled.
由于天氣原因，火車(chē)被取消了。

Beth
Now let's look at 'owing to'. It's more common in writing than speaking because it's formal.

Jiaying
連接詞 “owing to” 在寫(xiě)作中比在口語(yǔ)交流中更常見(jiàn)，而且比 “because of” 和 “due to” 更正式。另外，“owing to” 特別適用于正式公告或官方通知中。

Dialogue
A: 'Owing to the icy weather, journeys may take longer today.'
“今日因天冷結(jié)冰，車(chē)程可能會(huì)更長(zhǎng)?！?

Beth
'Owing to' can go at the beginning or the middle of a sentence.

Jiaying
從句中的位置來(lái)看，“owing to” 可以用于句首或句中，不過(guò)它的位置并不影響句子的正式程度。

Examples
'Owing to the icy weather, journeys may take longer today.'
“今日因天冷結(jié)冰，車(chē)程可能會(huì)更長(zhǎng)?！?

'Journeys may take longer today owing to the icy weather.'
“今日車(chē)程可能會(huì)更長(zhǎng)，這是天冷結(jié)冰的緣故?！?

Beth
Let's compare this with 'for', which is used differently to the other linkers.

Example
I didn't go out for the weather was awful.
我因天氣很糟糕而沒(méi)有出門(mén)。

Beth
After 'for', we use a main clause, which means it's followed by a subject and a verb in the infinitive or relevant tense, like the past simple.

Jiaying
與問(wèn)題中的前三個(gè)詞不同的是，“for” 后接包含主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主從句，而且這里，“for” 只能放在句中，不能放在句首。

Beth
And the use of 'for' as a linker is quite archaic in English now so, if used, in speaking, it can be considered pretentious.

Jiaying
不過(guò)大家要注意，“for” 雖然也有 “由于” 的意思，但它作連接詞的用法已經(jīng)不常用了。如果在口語(yǔ)中這樣使用 “for”，那么聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能有些做作。連接詞 “for” 多用于詩(shī)歌和故事中，聽(tīng)起來(lái)比較有詩(shī)意。

希望我們的講解和例句讓你對(duì)這些說(shuō)明因果關(guān)系的連接詞有了更深的理解。

Beth
If you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Jiaying
你也可以通過(guò)微博向我們提問(wèn)。我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)”。Bye, everyone.

Beth
Bye!