本集內(nèi)容

New hope for brain cancer patients 個(gè)性化疫苗給腦腫瘤病人帶來(lái)新希望

學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

有關(guān) “medicine 醫(yī)學(xué)” 的詞匯

邊看邊答

Which two things are used to make the personalised vaccine?

文字稿

This is a glioblastoma. It was found three years ago in Nigel's brain. Now all traces appear to have gone.

這是一個(gè)惡性膠質(zhì)瘤，三年前在奈杰爾的大腦里被發(fā)現(xiàn)。但現(xiàn)在腫瘤的所有痕跡似乎已經(jīng)消失了。

Nigel is a patient at London's King's College Hospital. And one of more than 300 volunteers on a trial of a personalised vaccine.

奈杰爾是倫敦國(guó)王學(xué)院醫(yī)院的一名病人，也是三百多位自愿參加一項(xiàng)個(gè)性化疫苗試驗(yàn)患者中的一員。

The trial extended average survival from 17 to 23 months. One in three patients survived for 40 months. And a few are still alive seven years on.

這個(gè)試驗(yàn)將患者的平均存活時(shí)間從17個(gè)月延長(zhǎng)到了23個(gè)月。平均每三位患者中有一位存活了40個(gè)月。還有一些患者七年過(guò)后仍存活。

So how does the treatment work?

那么這個(gè)治療方法是如何起作用的呢？

First surgeons remove the patient's tumour. They mix it with cells from their immune system. Once outside the brain, the tumour cannot hide from the body's defences. And the immune cells learn to attack it.

首先，外科醫(yī)生切除病人的腫瘤。接著把腫瘤和病人免疫系統(tǒng)中的細(xì)胞混合。腫瘤在被切除后就不能躲避病人自身的防御系統(tǒng)，從而免疫細(xì)胞將學(xué)會(huì)如何抵抗它。

These cells are turned into a personalised vaccine, individual to each patient who receives it.

這些細(xì)胞被制成個(gè)性化疫苗，每位患者都有自己的疫苗。

Kat Charles was not part of the trial. So she paid to have the vaccine privately three years ago.

凱特·查爾斯沒(méi)有參與這個(gè)試驗(yàn)。所以她三年前開(kāi)始自己付錢(qián)購(gòu)買(mǎi)疫苗。

Every six months, she has a top-up injection. And so far, there's no trace of her tumour.

每六個(gè)月，她就會(huì)注射一針。到目前為止，沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤的痕跡。

3,000 people a year in the UK are diagnosed with glioblastoma. So an effective immunotherapy vaccine would be a significant advance in the treatment of brain cancer.

在英國(guó)，每年有三千多人被診斷患有惡性膠質(zhì)瘤。因此，有效的免疫治療疫苗將是腦腫瘤治療的重大突破。

詞匯

vaccine 疫苗

treatment 治療，療法

tumour 腫瘤

immune system 免疫系統(tǒng)

cells 細(xì)胞

你知道嗎？

Learning a second language might boost brain power. The US researchers from Northwestern University say bilingualism is a form of brain training - a mental "work out" that fine-tunes the mind.

學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言可能提高腦力。來(lái)自美國(guó)西北大學(xué)的研究人員稱雙語(yǔ)是一種大腦訓(xùn)練的形式，一種 “腦力鍛煉”，可以微調(diào)大腦。

問(wèn)題答案

It is made from the patient's tumour and cells from their own immune system.